Internal-combustion engine



' July 10, 1945. c, s. cacnaw- INTERNAL-coMBtJsTIoN ENGINE 2 sheets-sheet 2 Filed oct. 14, y1942 IN VEN TOR.

ATToR Mza/5l 'Patented July 10,1945

Clifford S. Goby, Cleveland, Ohio, ass

one-half to Frank Kramer, Cleveland Ohio Original application November 13, 1939, Serial No. 303,942, now Patent No. 2,316,160, dated April 13, 1943. Divided and this application October 14, 1942, Serial No. 461,987

2 claims. (Cl. 12s-193) This invention relates to 'internal combustion engines, and more particularly to engines of the type shown in my application Serial No. 303,942, filed November 13, 1939, now PatentNo, 2,316,160, issued April 13, 1943, of which this application is a' division.

'Ihe general purpose and object of the invention herein set forth is to provide` an internal combustion engine of the type shown in the aforesaid application Witheffcient means for anchoring the cylinder heads and casings to the bases provided therefor; and, more limitedly, to provide anchoring means of this general character which is designed to cooperate with certain structural features of thecylinder casing, as will be pointed out hereinafter. I y

I realizethe foregoingobjects in and thro h the construction and arrangement of the pa s shown fin the drawings hereof, wherein Fig. 1 representsan elevational-view, with parts broken away, of a portion of a radial engine such as is adaptable for use with aircraft and showing the bases to which the cylinders (including the heads) are secured; Fig. 2 am enlarged detail in section taken on the line 2-.-2 of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 a similar view taken-on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Describing by reference characters the various Darts shown in the drawings, I denotes part of the crankcase of a radial aircraft engine, such as shown in my aforesaid application, the crankcase being provided on its exterior with a plurality of :dangedA bases, such as shown at 2, to which the outer cylinder casings and the cylinder heads are secured'by long vthrough bolts 3, in a manner to be described in connection with the cooperating features ofthe respective cylinder casings whereby these bolts serveto anchor the cylinder casings and heads securely and accurately to the crankcase in a. manner to avoid distortion as Well as any material loss of heat dissipation from the cylinder casings.

Each cylinder comprises an outer casing 4 providedwith an inletl manifold 5 extending entirely my aforesaid application Serial No. 303,942. This valve construction comprises generally a long sleeve 9 which constitutesa valve as well as the inner` wall of a cylinder and which is guided throughout the major length of its movements l by the inner wall l0 of an external cylinder casing'. The sleeve '9, is' provided, adjacent t0 its upper end, with a seri of circumferentially arranged ports, not sho'wn hereimbut shown in my application -Seria1 No. 303,942, and which are adapted to be brought into and out of registration with the ports 8 through the reciprocatory movements of the said valve; also with a series of circumferentially arranged ports 9a which are located below the former ports and which areadapted to be brought into registration alternately with the ports 1 and 8 by such reciprocation.

Cooperating with the sleeve 9 is a selector ring l I which is mounted for reciprocation in a cylinvdrical guide l2 which is provided therefor in the interior wall of the cylinder casing. This ring is provided with series of circumferentially arranged ports Il? adapted to Abe brought into registration with the upper and lower ports of the sleeve valve 9 and alternately into registration with the inlet and exhaust ports I and 8 in the cylinder casing. The manner in which the sliding sleeve valve and the cooperating `selector ring are operated is shbwn, described and claimed in my aforesaid application Serial No. 303,942.

Two ofthe cylinder heads referred to herein- Ibefore are shown at I3, and each cylinder casing, including the inlet and exhaust manifolds, is provided with circumferentially extending heat-dissipating-ns ll.- y

1 It will be noted that; in order to secure a maximum area for the inlet and exhaust ports 1 and 8, the same extend substantially uninterruptedly about the portions of the casing provided respectively therefor, the adjacent ports of each series therearound and also with an exhaust manifold 6,`a'lso extending entirely therearound and located above the inlet manifold These -manifolds are [providedrespectively with inlet and exhaust pipes, the inlet-pipe being shown 'at 5H. Thelinlet manifold communicates with a circumferential'rseries of elongated ports 1 and the outlet manifold with Y similarly constructed and arranged ports 8. The

supply of gaseous mixture to the ports 1' and the ports 8 are controlled by the novel valve construcbeing separated bynarrow segments 4B ofthe outer casing 4 and; the segments that are interposed between the ports 'I registering longitudinally, of the casing with the segments that are i interposed betweenl the ports 8.

In order toobtain the most effective means for securingthe cylindercasings to their respective seats, whereby-al1 distortions of the casings and the parts therewithin will be avoided, the .bolts 3 are located as closely as possible'to the outside exhaust of the gases of combustion through the wall of each casing. This is. accomplished in theV following manner: I provide 'each casing with hollow bosses 4b formed integraLtherewith and extending substantially the full length thereof, to

and between the top flange 4 and the bottom flange 4d thereof, and including the segments 49'. Each of these bosses is provided with a bore 1 through which the bolts 3 extend. It will be A noted that these bores intersect the external surtions of lthe casings thus weakened against fracextra metal contained within the bosses, which extend the complete length of the cylinder' casings. The heat-dissipating fins It extend around and between the bosses 4b and are formed with said bosses and with the cylinder casing of which the bosses form a part.

In assembling, the bolts 3 are screwed home in their respective flanged seats 2 and the cylinder casings, together with their respective heads, are then dropped over the bolts, after which the nuts on the outer ends of the bolts are set up, whereby the cylinder casings and their respective heads are anchored securely 'in place. Short bolts I5 also secure the flanges 4d to the flanged bases 2.

It Will be notedthat, due to the inter-relation between the structure of the cylinde'r unit (comprising the' head and the outer casing) and the bolts 3, the said bolts actually form part of this cylinder unit, being of theV same effective length as the length of the said unit.

Due to the means which I employ for anchoring the cylinder casings to their respective bases, I am enabled to remove stresses from the said caslngs 'and fromv the walls thereof as a whole and to counteract the effects of fatigue which will necessarily be set up through' prolonged operation of the engine, and particularly Where aluminum or aluminum alloys are employed in the cylinder construction and where large proportions of circumferential zones of the cylinder casings have been removed as a necessary incident to providing the same with circumferential series o1' ports, such as are shown herein. Due to the manner in which the cylinder casings and heads areanchored to the crankcase, I am enabled to obtain the advantages arising from providing the cylinder casings each with an upper and a lower series of ports extending around and occupying the greater portion of the entire circumference thereof and at the same time 'to protect the porture and distortion. l f Due to the fact that the bores of the bosses i which the boltsor tie rods are located intersect the outer surface of the cylinder casing, the bolts or tie rods are thereby located as closely as possible to the ycenter of the cylinder. This prevents a distortion of the head and destruction of the head gasket and enables me to accomplish these important objectives wtih a far smaller number of bolts or tie rods than are customarily employed. l

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. The combination, with a crankcase provided with a cylinder-supporting base, a. casing having an outwardly projecting bottom ange adapted to be secured to4 and upon said base and an outwardly projecting top flange, and a head provided with a lilange adapted to overlie the top flange of the casing, the said casing being provided with a circumferential series of inlet ports extending substantiallly therearound and with a circumferential series of exhaust ports extending substantially therearound and spaced longitudi- `nally of the casing from the series of inlet ports, ythe ports in each said series being separated by segments of said casing andgthe segments of the casing which are interposed between the ports of one series registering longitudinally of the casing with the segments interposed between the ports of the other series, of means for anchoring the said head and casing to the said base, the said means comprising hollow bosses formed on the outer wall of (the casing, and including the aforesaid segments thereof and each of the said bosses extending uninterruptedly between and in proximity to the top and bottoni flanges of the casing, and bolts extending through the bores of said bosses and the`casing flanges and the cylinder head ange and into the base and connecting the casing and the cylinder head with the said base.

2. \In the organization recited in claim 1, the casing being of the type provided with heat radiating ns, the said bosses, intersecting the fins adjacent the latters junction with the outer surface of the casing and the axes of the bores of the said bosses being substantially coincident with theouter surface of the casing.

CLIFFORD S. GOBY. 

